The Journal of Sports Science & Health Advances has an international reputation for publishing articles of a high standard. It publishes research on various aspects of the sports and exercise sciences, including anatomy, biochemistry, biomechanics, performance analysis, physiology, psychology, sports medicine, and health, as well as coaching and talent identification, kinanthropometry, and other interdisciplinary perspectives.
Upskilling India’s Physical Education Teachers: Aligning National Education Policy 2020 with UNESCO–Loughborough Quality Physical Education Priorities
As Part of the National Policy on Education 2020 and Quality Physical Education as defined by UNESCO and Loughborough University in 2024, this paper addresses the urgent need for upskilling Physical Education (PE) teachers in India. This paper attempts to analyze the systemic barriers in teachers’ preparation, professional devel- opment, and educational/ institutional framework of educational systems that impede the fulfillment of educational goals. The paper discusses the evolving expectations of PE teachers of the Indian Education System, under the National Policy, the PE teach- ers are expected to create literate individuals in the domain of physical activities, and as inclusive and holistic wellness advocates. Having researched on PE teachers satis- faction and professional development systems, the SMART teacher, the paper offers an assimilative solution system of upskilling teachers that satisfy the global QPE andthe Indian educational policy. The paper concludes that PE teachers are great assets to the educational systems due to great potential of delivering meaningful learning experiences that are both transformative and holistic. The paper further discusses the necessity of adequate institutional investment in the educational systems professional development, training and support systems that will positively impact the teachers and educational systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rakesh Vishwakarma, Neha Arora, Kanhaiya Kumar Singh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gender and Competitive Level Differences in Goal Setting strategies among Kho Kho Players
Background: Goal setting is a crucial psychological strategy that enhances performance, concentration, and motivation; it involves defining clear and measurable goals for both individual and team achievements. Purpose: This study aims to investigate differences in goal setting strategies based on gender (Male & Female) and level of Participation (State, Inter-University, National Level & international level). Methodology: A G*Power software was used to determine sample size (N = 93). A total of 103 subjects (61.17% male and 38.83% female) were selected for the present study, exceeding the required sample size. The age of the participants ranged from 12 to 28 years (M = 17.59). The Goal-Setting Questionnaire developed by Meenakshi and Lalit Sharma (2014), was used to assess the players goal setting strategies, using a 7-point Likert scale to assess the goal-setting strategies of the players. Descriptive statistics and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis to examine differences in goal-setting strategies between male and female athletes across different levels of participation. The level of significance was set at p=.05. Result: The result of two-way ANOVA revealed that men and women did not differ significantly in the following Sub-Variables of goal setting: goal-setting action (p>0.05), types of goals (p>0.05), team goal setting (p>0.05), goal-setting interaction with the coach (p>0.05). Similarly, no significant differences were found across all of the variables of goal setting across the level of participation. . Conclusion: According to the findings of the study we concluded that most kho kho players demonstrate average goal setting behaviors, rarely set different types of goals, and have limited awareness of team goal setting. Additionally, coach rarely encourage players to set the types of Goals mentioned in the study.
Original Scientific Article: Psychological and Behavioral Aspects of Sports
Copyright (c) 2025 Radha Kumari, Ayush kumar, Shivam Thapa, Lalit sharma, Meenakshi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Psychological Well-being and Perceived Stress: A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Postgraduate Athletes, Science and Social Science Students
Background: Psychological well-being and stress are vital determinants of student mental health. University students frequently encounter various academic and extracurricular pressures, which can differently impact their stress levels and overall well-being. However, limited research has compared variations across athletes, science, and social science students. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 277 postgraduate students from three distinct groups, aiming to investigate various factors relevant to their academic experiences. This study evaluated psychological well-being using Ryff's 18-item Psychological Well-being Scale, which focuses on six key dimensions of psychological well-being. We evaluated stress levels using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale, a well-established tool for measuring subjective stress. The researchers analyzed the data using one-way ANOVA and then conducted post-hoc tests to explore the differences between the groups. Results: The assumptions of normality and homogeneity were met (p > 0.05). The ANOVA findings revealed significant variations in perceived stress among the groups (F (2, 274) = 3.21, p = 0.042). Post hoc analyses indicated that students in science experienced notably greater levels of stress in comparison to those in Social Science (p = 0.04). Nonetheless, the distinctions between Athletes and the other categories were not noteworthy. Regarding psychological well-being scores, there were no substantial variations among the groups (F (2, 274) = 0.27, p = 0.75), although athletes had marginally higher average scores. Conclusion: The results suggest that students in science face greater stress levels than those in Social Science. However, their overall psychological well-being is similar across both groups. These results underscore the importance of implementing targeted stress management strategies for students in demanding academic disciplines, as well as universal approaches that foster coping skills and social support for all students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nongthonganba Meitei, Sanjeev Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Indigenous Game on Selected Physical Psychological Variables of University Students
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of indigenous games on selected physical and psychological variables among university students. Background: Indigenous games have long been woven into the cultural fabric of Indian society, functioning as tools for physical fitness, cultural expression, and social interaction. Despite their relevance, their potential influence on contemporary student development in higher education remains underexplored. Material and Methods: Twenty-eight postgraduate students (aged 22–27 years) from the Central University of Punjab were recruited using purposive random sampling. Participants were divided into an experimental group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 14). The experimental group engaged in an 8-week structured indigenous games program featuring Pithu, Gilli Danda, Stapoo, Dog and the Bone, Kancha, and Buroinjin, while the control group received no intervention. Pre- and post-test data were collected using standardized assessment tools. Data analysis employed the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test, and ANCOVA at a 0.05 significance level. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in agility, balance, eye–hand coordination, and attention compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Effect sizes ranged from 0.79 to 0.91, indicating large and practically meaningful effects. Conclusion: Participation in indigenous games led to substantial gains in both physical and psychological parameters among university students. These findings highlight the effectiveness of indigenous games as culturally relevant, cost-efficient, and engaging alternatives to conventional training approaches in higher education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sanjeev Kumar, Tarun, Archit Singh, Mukesh Kumar Verma, Swati Choudhary https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Achievement Motivation and Attitude Towards Physical Education Among Undergraduate Students in Punjab: A Comparative Analysis Across Locale and Institution Type
Purpose: This study explored the interrelationship between achievement motivation and attitudes towards physical education among undergraduate students who were enrolled in government and private colleges located in rural and urban areas of Punjab. Material and Methods: By utilizing standardized psychological tools, this research included a sample of 560 undergraduate students selected through random sampling from colleges affiliated with Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab. Quantitative analyses were used to do the analysis i.e. including descriptive analysis, t-tests and Pearson correlation. Results: The results revealed that no significant difference in achievement motivation across demographic groups but found significant differences in attitudes towards physical education based on college type and location. A moderate positive correlation was found between achievement motivation and attitude towards physical education. Conclusion: The research findings highlighted the role of contextual and institutional factors in shaping students' attitude towards physical education and motivation for academic success which remained relatively uniform across the demographic variables. Implications for educational policy and curriculum integration are discussed in this research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ranjit Kumar, Amarjit Kaur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Psychophysiological States and Bowling Accuracy in University-Level Fast Bowlers
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to ascertain whether or not the accuracy of the findings produced by university-level speed bowlers is correlated with their psychological and physiological states. This study aimed to investigate the impact of emotional states on both the operation of the autonomic nervous system and athletes' performance. Methods: As part of a repeated-measures design, 80 men from a university fast bowling team were divided into four emotional states. These moods were neutral, anxious, excited, and at ease. Polar H10 monitors were utilised to capture heart rate variability (HRV), or more precisely, root mean square deviation (RMSD), during baselines before the bowl. The number of balls that struck a predefined target during 10 deliveries for each situation was used to evaluate bowling accuracy. Validated audiovisual stimuli were used to evoke emotional states. Results: The HRV varied significantly across the conditions, peaking in the Calm condition (mean RMSSD = 58.2 ms) and falling in the Anxious condition (42.7 ms). The improvement in bowling accuracy that occurred when the person was calm, as opposed to stressed, was equally significant (p = 0.003). Bowling accuracy and HRV were shown to be positively correlated (r = 0.62, p < 0.001). Conclusions: A correlation was found between enhanced autonomic control, emotional tranquillity, and increased bowling accuracy, as indicated by the findings. Through the use of personalised psychophysiological profiling, athletes can maximise their performance potential by exercising control over their emotions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rezwan Hossain, Halima Khatun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship Between Gross Motor Skills and Fitness to Physical Activity of Indonesian Elementary Students
Background: Physical activity plays a critical role in supporting the physical development and overall health of elementary school-aged children. Among the factors believed to influence physical activity are gross motor skills and levels of physical fitness. Study Purpose: This study seeks to examine the relationship between gross motor skills and physical fitness and the physical activity levels of Indonesian elementary students. Material and Methods: A non-experimental quantitative design was employed, utilizing a correlational approach to investigate the associations among variables. The study involved a purposive sample of 20 students. Results: The analysis revealed no statistically significant relationships at the 0.05 significance level. These findings indicate that gross motor skills and physical fitness do not have a direct impact on students’ physical activity. It is possible that other factors exert a stronger influence, underscoring the importance of exploring alternative determinants of physical activity in children. Conclusion: A broader and more integrative strategy is required to effectively enhance physical activity among elementary school students.
Original Scientific Article: Public Health & Physical Activity
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahreta Indayani Saputri, Ari Tri Fitrianto, Muhammad Habibie, Ahmad Maulana, Aulia Putri Yuliasti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Does the Way Children Travelled to School Affect the Body Fat Levels? A Study
Prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in the last two or three decades worldwide. The prevalence statistics shows that obesity pandemic is all-pervading even in the developing nations like India. In the present study an effort has been made to report the prevalence of obesity on the basis of body fat percent among school girls of Punjab, total 6000 students were selected with stratified random sampling technique, (2000 each from high, middle & low economic status) ranging in age from 10-17 years. Height and weight were measured in all participants and the body fat percent (BF %) of everyone was calculated. Body fat percent classes based on mode of conveyance (walking/bicycle & vehicle) (under fat, healthy fat, over fat & obese) were calculated according to the body fat percent cut offs lines by the manual of bio electrical impedance machine with scale HBF-361. The observations revealed that the overall mean value of walking/bicycle & vehicle was 18.55%, 26.04% respectively. The observations also revealed that the overall prevalence of under fat, healthy fat, over fat and obesity was 7.3%, 78.7%, 11.3% and 2.6% respectively. The total no. of 3222 subjects were taken as subjects which were coming to school by walking/bicycle and their body fat % category is under fat (13.5%), healthy fat (86.2%), over fat (.2%) & obesity (.0%) respectively. Whereas in the case of those girls which are coming to school by vehicle a total of 2778 school girls were taken and their body fat % category is under fat (.1%), healthy fat (70.1%), over fat (24.1%) & obesity (5.7%). Overweight was more prevalent among those girl students who came to school by using vehicle as a mode of conveyance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Akwinder Kaur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Yoga and Naturopathy in Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation is a form of care designed to help individuals regain, maintain, or enhance essential abilities needed for everyday life. These abilities may be physical, mental, or cognitive. They might have been compromised due to an illness, injury, or as a result of medical treatments. By focusing on restoring functionality and independence, rehabilitation plays a vital role in improving overall quality of life and daily performance. Yoga and naturopathy play significant roles in holistic rehabilitation by promoting natural healing and addressing the root causes of health issues. Their focus on the mind-body connection enhances both physical and psychological recovery.
Original Scientific Article: Physical Therapy & Sports Medicine
Copyright (c) 2025 Sweta Suri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Anthropometric Profile for Fast Bowlers in Cricket
The best performance of a fast bowler in cricket is dependent on a variety of factors. Some of these variables, like running speed, aerobic capacity, and jump heights, etc., are simple to measure. Anthropometry has been employed in numerous attempts to associate physical characteristics with racial and psychological features, for the purpose of identifying talent, to comprehend human physical variation, in anthropometry, and for various other purposes. The current study is being conducted to provide answers to these questions. Arm length, leg length, hand length, shoulder width, wrist diameter, elbow width, and palm length and width were the study's chosen variables. The fast bowlers' t-scale profile can be used to determine the optimal anthropometric of other athletes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pawan Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Study on Selected Fitness and Body Care Status of Punjab Policewomen Constables
Aim of study: The aim of this study was to assess the status of health and wellness sub- parameter fitness and body care among Punjab Police women constables. Material and Methods: A sample of thirty (N=30) women constables from Punjab Police has been selected randomly and further bifurcated into two classes i.e., N1: Junior Constables with experience up to 1 year and N2: the Constables with the job up to 10 years Senior Constables, for the in-depth analysis. These two groups were also chosen through random sampling. The tool used for data collection was a structured ‘Wellness Questionnaire’ which was constructed by Gordon Edlin and Eric Golanty in 2004. The mean, S.D. and ‘t-test’ were calculated to find out the significance of difference between the groups. Results: mean and S.D. of Junior and Senior Punjab Police Women Constables for their Fitness and body care Variable is 26.93 ± 0.59 and 24.40 ± 1.40 respectively. The calculating ‘t’-value (1.718), which is less than the tabulated ‘t’-value (2.048), at 0.05 level. The calculated ‘t’-value (6.43), which is more than the tabulated ‘t’-value (2.048) at 0.05 level. Conclusion: So, it indicates that there is a significant difference between Junior and Senior Punjab Police Women Constables for their Fitness and body care Variable.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bakhsis Singh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exercise Motivation of College Students in Relation to their Health-Related Physical Fitness
Based on Self termination Theory (SDT), this study aimed to examine the relationship betwe- en self-determination motivation for health-related fitness and perceived learning abilities am ong female college students in physical education. To assess even regulatory motivational styles, questionnaires were used to self-regulate training to measure four motivational styles: exogenous motivation, introduced motivation, identification, and essential motivation. Health-related fitness was assessed using the Aaphherd Test (1980). These tests werem conducted in 50 female sports students aged 17-25. Descriptive statistics and correlations were used to analyze the data. Results showed that exogenous motivational styles among students demonstrated a significant and negative relationship with flexibility (hips).
Copyright (c) 2025 Sachin Yadav https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Yoga in Injury Prevention for Athletes
Injury prevention is a critical aspect of athletic training, as injuries can significantly impact performance and career longevity. Yoga has gained recognition as a complementary practice for athletes due to its emphasis on flexibility, strength, balance, and mindfulness. This study explores the role of yoga in injury prevention among athletes by examining its physiological and biomechanical benefits. Regular yoga practice enhances flexibility, reducing the risk of muscle strains and joint injuries. It also strengthens stabilizing muscles, improving postural control and alignment, which are essential for injury prevention. Additionally, yoga promotes proprioception and body awareness, enabling athletes to recognize movement patterns that may lead to injury. The integration of breathing techniques (pranayama) and mindfulness further aids in stress reduction and recovery, lowering the risk of overuse injuries. This review highlights existing research supporting the effectiveness of yoga as an injury prevention strategy and suggests practical applications for incorporating yoga into athletic training programs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kuldeep Singh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comparative Study of Selected Physical Fitness Variables and Anthropometric Measurements among different Level Handball Players in Haryana
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze a few physical fitness tests and anthropometric parameters of handball players in distinct categories in Haryana. A quota sample of 60 players, 20 from the school level, college level and state level, were measured for physical fitness characteristics, including speed, endurance, agility, strength and anthropometric characteristics, including height, weight, BMI, etc. The results highlighted by the study showed a difference in physical fitness and body composition based on performance level. Superior fitness and an optimal anthropometric profile were established on the part of higher-level players. The implications are that talent development and identification should be focused and based on the physiological profiling of the players.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ajay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effects of HIIT, SIT, And RST Running-Based Anaerobic Interval Training on Anaerobic Power and Speed in Field Hockey Players
Purpose:This randomized controlled trial evaluated the comparative effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), sprint interval training (SIT), and repeated sprint training (RST) on anaerobic power and speed in male intercollegiate field hockey players. Materials and methods: Sixty players, aged 19–23 years, from colleges in Andhra Pradesh, India, were randomly assigned to four groups (HIIT, SIT, RST, and control; n=15 each). Over an 8-week intervention, the experimental groups trained three times weekly on an outdoor track, supplementing routine activities with 60-minute sessions, including warm-up and cool-down. HIIT involved sustained high-intensity running, SIT featured maximal sprints with extended recovery, and RST comprised repeated short sprints with minimal rest, mimicking field hockey’s intermittent demands. Anaerobic power was assessed using the Wingate Anaerobic Test (peak power in watts/kg), and speed was measured via a 20-meter sprint test (fastest time in seconds). Pre- and post-test data were analyzed using paired t-tests, ANCOVA, and Scheffé’s post hoc tests (p < 0.05). Results: All training groups showed significant improvements (p < 0.001), with SIT producing the largest anaerobic power gain (12.07%, 651 watts adjusted mean) and RST achieving the greatest speed improvement (13.14%, 3.25 seconds adjusted mean). SIT and RST were statistically equivalent for speed (p > 0.05), both outperforming HIIT (7.69% power, 7.53% speed) and the control group, which showed negligible changes (0.17% power, 0.27% speed, p > 0.05). ANCOVA confirmed significant between-group differences (power: F = 248.83; speed: F = 42.30). Conclusion: These findings highlight SIT’s superiority for enhancing anaerobic power, critical for explosive actions like drag flicks, and RST/SIT’s efficacy for speed, essential for positional play. HIIT supports general conditioning but is less effective for maximal performance. Coaches can use these insights to design evidence-based training programs, though future research should include female players and on-field metrics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bineesh Baby, Pragathi A, Kiran K S, ARUN P. J https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Physical Fitness Differences between Athletes and Non-Athletes at the University Level: A Gender-Based Analysis
Background: Physical fitness is a critical determinant of athletic performance and general health. However, differences in flexibility, balance, and lower-body power between athletes and non-athletes, especially by gender and competitive level, require further investigation. Objective: This study aimed to compare key fitness components—flexibility, balance, and lower-body strength—between university-level athletes and non-athletes, with a focus on sex-based differences. Methods: Eighty students from Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh (N = 80), participated in the study. They were evenly divided into four groups: male athletes, male non-athletes, female athletes, and female non-athletes (n = 20 per group). Anthropometric data were recorded, and fitness tests included the Sit-and-Reach test (flexibility), One-Leg Stork Stand Test (balance), and Standing Broad Jump (leg power). Independent t-tests were used to compare athletes and non-athletes within each sex. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Male athletes had significantly greater flexibility t(38) = 5.55, p < .001, balance t(38) = 8.24, p < .001, and leg power t(38) = 8.07, p < .001 compared to male non-athletes. Female athletes also outperformed non-athletes in flexibility t(38) = 4.26, p < .001, balance t(38) = 10.26, p < .001, and leg power t(38) = 13.13, p < .001. Conclusion: University athletes, regardless of gender, demonstrated significantly better flexibility, balance, and lower-body power than their non-athlete peers. These findings emphasize the physical benefits of athletic training and support incorporating structured fitness programs into university wellness initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khadiza Akter, Humayon Ahmed, Mukta Khatun, Ummay Hafsa Rumky, Suvo Roy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Analysis of Sprint Ability in Athletes and Non-Athletes across 10 to 100 Meters
Background: Sprint performance is a key indicator of athletic capability, reflecting explosive speed, power, and neuromuscular coordination. Comparative studies between athletes and non-athletes across multiple sprint distances remain limited, especially when accounting for gender differences. Study Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate and compare sprint performance over 10 m, 30 m, 50 m, and 100 m distances between university-level athletes and non-athletes of both sexes. Material and Methods: Eighty students from Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh were equally divided into four groups: male and female athletes and non-athletes (n = 20 each). Sprint times over 10, 30, 50, and 100 meters were manually recorded. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-tests in IBM SPSS (version 25), with significance set at p< 0.05. Results: Athletes demonstrated significantly faster sprint times than non-athletes across all distances. Among males, athletes outperformed non-athletes at 10 m (t(38) = -8.31, p< .001), 30 m (t(38) = -9.38, p< .001), 50 m (t(38) = -7.30, p< .001), and 100 m (t(38) = -6.35, p< .001). Female athletes showed even greater differences at 10 m (t(38) = -17.57, p< .001), 30 m (t(38) = -11.54, p< .001), 50 m (t(38) = -23.60, p< .001), and 100 m (t(38) = -20.55, p< .001), confirming superior sprint performance among athletes of both sexes. Conclusion: University athletes exhibited superior sprint performance compared to non-athletes across all tested distances, regardless of sex. These results highlight the significant impact of athletic training on short-distance speed and support targeted conditioning programs for performance enhancement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mst. Mukta Khatun, Ummay Hafsa Rumky, Humayon Ahmed, Khadiza Akter, Suvo Roy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Circuit Training on Body Composition Metrics among School Students
Purpose: In recent times, students increasingly face problems related to being overweight, obese and under nutrition due to increasing screen time and sedentary lifestyle. The study aimed to analyze the effect of circuit training on body mass index and waist-hip ratio of school students. Material and Methods: An experimental research design was employed, involving 30 randomly selected students aged 10–15 years (20 boys and 10 girls). The selected group participated three days a week over a six-week circuit training intervention period. The statistical analysis was done using a paired simple t-test. Result: The findings of the present study reported a significant effect on body composition metrics following the circuit training program (p>0.05). Conclusion: training for 40 minutes three times a week for 6 weeks had a significant impact on the body composition metrics of school students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nitesh Kumar Singh Kushwaha, Gajender Singh, Harsh Kumar Mathur, Amit, Siddharth Sagre, Ravinder Pal Ahlawat, Jaiprakash Bhukar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A comparative study on Sources of stress between genders among children aged through 14 to 19 years
Purpose: Stress is pervasive in the present time. If an individual is unable to manage stressful situations, then it can lead to Depression and Anxiety, preferably when it comes to adolescents. Every teenager has a distinct way of responding to stress. The Present study compared sources of Stress between genders among children aged through 14 to 19 years. Method: 150 Boys and 150 Girls were selected to assess the data. “THE STRESS SCALE,” developed by Puri Prerna et al., 2011, was used as a tool. A t-test was used for statistical analysis. Result: The result revealed that in seven out of ten sources of stress, such as “Generalized stress, Career and academic stress, Stress prone tendencies, Irritability, Low level of stress management skills, Meaningless thoughts and Physical symptoms of stress” Girls have higher levels of significant difference less than p<0.05. The result also shows that there is no significant difference between variables “Negative mood states and Apprehensive behavior”. The result also revealed that there was no mean difference between boys and girls in the variable “Easy-going personality”. Conclusion. Overall, Girls are more stressed than Boys. stress can be an emerging problem for adolescents. There should be a prompt for stress management techniques for adolescent girls and boys.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rekha, Gauri Chakraborty, Shivam Thapa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Experimental Studies and Their Targeted Exercises Intervention to Enhance Gait Cycle for Improving Mobility and Quality of Life
Purpose: This study aims to explore the impact of targeted exercise interventions on improving the gait cycle to enhance mobility and quality of life. Given that the gait cycle comprising the stance and swing phases is fundamental to efficient and balanced locomotion, disruptions in this cycle can severely affect mobility and daily functioning. Methods: A literature review approach was employed to examine various free-hand exercises focusing primarily on the hamstring and calf muscles. Key exercises such as squats and knee-to chest movements were selected for their role in targeting essential muscle groups and functional aspects related to gait, including strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination. Results: Findings from the reviewed literature indicate that targeted exercises significantly contribute to correcting gait cycle abnormalities. These interventions enhance muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination, which are all critical components of a healthy gait. Furthermore, these exercises support the rehabilitation process following injury by restoring proper movement patterns. Conclusion: Integrating targeted exercise interventions specifically those that strengthen the hamstring and calf muscles is effective in rehabilitating injuries and correcting gait dysfunctions. This contributes to improved mobility, balance, and overall quality of life, highlighting the importance of such exercises in both clinical and preventive rehabilitation programs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aman Kumar Singh, Anmol Yadav, Sandeep Dhull https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Injury Duration on Sports Motivation
Background and Objective : Prolonged injuries may decrease motivation and increase psychological distress and athletes may drop out but some return to the field despite adversity. The present research is an exploration of the differences in the dimensions of sports motivation in athletes who have returned in field after varied injury duration's. Methodology: A multivariate design with three categories of independent variable and six dimensions of dependent variable has been used. Sample: The sample consisted of 100 sports persons, both male and females from various sports who have suffered from injury and now have returned to field and were assigned to moderate, serious and long term group based on the injury duration that had been reported. Data Collection and Analysis: The translated version of Revised Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-II), developed by Pelletier et al. (2013), based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) framework having six sub scales had been used for data collection. The data was analyzed using one way MANOVA statistical technique. Results and Implications: There were significant differences reported among three groups in Intrinsic, Integrated and Identified regulation. The study underscore the need to keep athletes intrinsically motivated, to reduce the drop out of athletes after long duration injuries.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ajay Sheoran, Vipin Sehrawat, Bindu Kumari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study of Body Image and Quality Life Among College Female Students
This study aimed to examine differences in body image and quality of life (QoL) among college female students participating in sports and those not involved in sports. Furthermore, it sought to analyze the relationship between body image and QoL. A descriptive survey design was utilized. A sample of 100 female college students from Hisar District, Haryana, was randomly selected. Tools used for data collection included the Body Image Questionnaire by Marilou Bruchon-Schweitzer (1987) and the Quality of Life Scale developed by Sarika Sharma and Dr.Nakhat Nasreen (1971). The collected data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-tests, and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation.Results indicated significant differences in body image and QoL between female students engaged in sports and those not involved in sports. Participants in sports reported higher levels of body satisfaction and better overall quality of life. A statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.419) was found between body image and quality of life.The findings suggest that sports participation positively influences both body image and quality of life among college female students. Initiatives promoting physical activity and body positivity can enhance the well-being of this demographic.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ritu, Usha Rani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SPEED ENHANCEMENT THROUGH COMBINED PLYOMETRIC AND SKILL TRAINING: AN 8-WEEK STUDY ON BEGINNER FENCERS
This study investigates the impact of an 8-week plyometric-weight training and fencing-specific skill training program on the speed of beginner fencers aged 10–19 years from Karnal District, Haryana. Sixty beginner fencers were purposively selected and randomly divided into two equal groups: an experimental group (n=30) receiving the integrated training program, and a control group (n=30) undergoing standard fencing training. The 50-Meter Dash Run Test from the AAHPER Youth Physical Fitness Test (1976) was used to assess speed before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistics revealed a significant improvement in post-test speed scores for the experimental group (M=7.08, SD=0.26) compared to the control group (M=7.71, SD=0.29). ANCOVA results demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the groups (F=137.42, p<0.001), with post hoc analysis indicating a mean difference of -0.63 seconds (p<0.001) favoring the experimental group. The results confirm that a combined plyometric-weight and skill-specific training regimen is effective in improving speed performance among beginner fencers. This research underlines the importance of targeted physical conditioning programs for youth athlete development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Usha Rani, Ankit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
"Rise Above: Exploring What Drove Harmanpreet Singh from a Drug-Abuse-Prone Area to Achieve Sporting Excellence"
This study aims to investigate the remarkable journey of Harmanpreet Singh, an accomplished Olympian and recipient of the Arjuna Award, who rose from a region affected by drug-related issues to become a leading force in Indian hockey. The research focuses on identifying the motivational factors that influenced his early involvement in the sport, the challenges he faced in a high-risk environment, and the personal determination that fueled his ascent. By examining his technical abilities, strategic understanding, and leadership qualities, this paper seeks to understand how his individual achievements have contributed to the revival and progress of Indian hockey, while also serving as an inspirational model for young athletes from disadvantaged backgrounds. To examine the motivational journey and rise of Shri Harmanpreet Singh from a drug-abuse-prone region to becoming a national sports icon, this research utilized both primary and secondary sources. These sources included personal accounts, visual archives, media reports, official documents, and related literature. Insights were collected through a structured opinion-rating questionnaire designed to explore the influences, challenges, and achievements that shaped his path. The survey involved thirty prominent individuals associated with Indian hockey who provided their perspectives on twenty critical aspects related to Harmanpreet’s development, motivation, and contribution to the sport. The questionnaire was developed under the guidance of academic experts and the research supervisor to ensure relevance and validity. Data analysis was conducted using percentage-based evaluation methods. The findings reveal that Harmanpreet Singh’s determination, leadership, and resilience have not only driven his personal success but have also served as a powerful influence on youth, particularly in high-risk areas, contributing significantly to the transformation and growth of Indian hockey.
Copyright (c) 2025 Simranjeet Singh, Usha Rani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Preliminary Analysis of the Contribution of Shoulder Muscle Strength to Bowling Speed in University-Level Male Cricketers
Purpose: This study explored the affiliation between the power of the shoulder rotator muscle tissues and bowling velocity in male University level fast and medium-rapid bowlers. Methods: The researchers recruited 50 male University bowlers aged 18-30 through purposive sampling. The inner and outer shoulder rotator isometric energy was assessed using handheld dynamometry. Bowling pace was evaluated with a radar gun. The relationships among the variables of energy and bowling speed were assessed using Pearson's correlation. Results: Moderate to strong correlations were found between internal rotator power and bowling pace (r = .544, p < .001), while external rotator power showed a weak and non-significant correlation (r = .365, p = 0.078). Conclusions: Inner rotator electricity is associated with bowling speed among university- level fast bowlers, indicating its role in performance development, while outside rotator energy has a comparatively less significant impact.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rezwan Hossain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Flexibility and Body Composition among Female Students of Punjabi University, Patiala
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the flexibility, Body Mass Index (BMI), and body fat percentage of female students at Punjabi University, Patiala. Methods: The sample consisted of 30 female students, 15 each from the Department of Physical Education and the Department of Dance. Flexibility was assessed using the V-Sit and Reach Test, while BMI and body fat percentage were measured using a BMI analyzer. Results: The results revealed a significant difference in flexibility, with female Physical Education students exhibiting greater flexibility than their counterparts from the Dance Department. Conversely, Dance students had a higher BMI but a lower body fat percentage compared to Physical Education students. Conclusion: These findings highlight the influence of specific physical training regimens on flexibility and body composition. While a significant difference was observed in flexibility between the two groups, no statistically significant differences were found in body composition variables.
Copyright (c) 2025 Reena Rai, Arman Malik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE SCIENCE OF CANCER AND NUTRITION: ANALYZING DIETARY STRATEGIES FOR RISK REDUCTION AND TREATMENT SUPPORT
Purpose - Cancer remains a significant global health issue, with dietary habits playing a crucial role in both its development and progression. This paper looks into explore the relationship between nutrition and cancer risk, exploring the role of dietary patterns on cancer prevention and management. Methods - An in-depth analysis of published studies and medical articles was done to find out how various dietary components influence cancer risk. The research focused on identifying associations between specific nutrients, food groups, and cancer-related mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, and immune modulation. Results -It was found that diets high in processed foods, unhealthy fats, and refined sugars are strongly linked to increased incidences of colorectal, breast, and other types of cancer. In contrast, plant-based diets rich in antioxidants, fibre, and phytochemicals may help lower cancer risks by reducing oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, improving blood sugar control, and enhancing insulin sensitivity. Key dietary elements like omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and probiotics might also play a role in lowering cancer chances by supporting gut microbiota and strengthening immune defences. Conclusion - Eating a well-rounded and wholesome diet is a promising strategy to reduce cancer risk and support treatment outcomes. The study stresses the need for public health initiatives focused on nutrition education and dietary reforms as integral components of cancer prevention strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lovepreet Singh, Nishan Singh , Sahin Yadav, Manjulisha Rani Sana Sana, Jitendra Kumar Yadav https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Kinanthropometric Predictors of Event-Specific Performance in Track and Field Athletes
Purpose: Kinanthropometry, the scientific measurement of human body size, shape, proportion, and composition, plays a critical role in understanding athletic performance. This narrative review aims to explore the current literature on kinanthropometric predictors of event-specific performance in track and field athletes. The review focuses on identifying key physical attributes contributing to success in different events, highlighting the importance of tailored training and talent identification strategies. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted across databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using combinations of keywords: “kinanthropometry,” “track and field,” “event-specific performance,” “bodycomposition,” “limb girths,” and “anthropometric predictors.” Approximately 45 peer-reviewed studies were included that investigated the relationship between kinanthropometric variables and performance in specific track and field events across age groups, genders, and competitive levels. Study quality was assessed using PRISMA guidelines and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Publication bias was evaluated by examining funnel plots and calculating Egger’s test where applicable. Results: The review identified three primary kinanthropometric domains relevant to track and field performance: body composition (body mass index, body fat percentage, lean body mass), skeletal structure (height, limb lengths), and limb girths. Throwing events consistently favored athletes with higher body mass, greater lean mass, and larger upper limb girths. Distance running events showed stronger correlations with lower body fat percentages and longer limb lengths. Sprinting and jumping events were significantly predicted by both lower and upper limb girths, reflecting the importance of muscle cross-sectional area and explosive strength. Despite these findings, research heterogeneity and inconsistent measurement protocols limit the comparability of results across studies. Conclusions: This narrative review highlights that event-specific kinanthropometric characteristics are essential for optimizing track and field performance. The findings have practical implications for athlete selection, training design, and performance monitoring. There is a pressing need for standardized measurement protocols, larger and more diverse sample sizes, and comprehensive multivariate analyses. Future research should explore under-represented events and populations, integrating kinanthropometric profiling into athlete development and talent identification programs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mansi George https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Outdoor Activities on Physical fitness of Adolescent Children
Purpose: this study aimed to examine the impact of school-based sports activities on the physical fitness of adolescents over a 12-week period. Methods: total no. of 33 students (17 boys and 16 girls) participated in regular sports sessions integrated into their school outdoor activities. Physical fitness was assessed before and after the intervention using standardized tests to measure endurance, speed, shoulder strength, and flexibility. Results: significant improvements were observed across all measured fitness components. Statistical analysis confirmed meaningful progress (p < 0.05), and effect size calculations indicated substantial practical significance, especially in speed and flexibility. Conclusion: Regular participation in school sports activities positively influences the physical fitness of adolescents. These findings support the integration of structured physical activity into school programs to promote health and fitness among students.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sandeep Kumar, Jai Prakash, Ravinder Pal Ahalawat, Jaiprakash Bhukar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gender Based Disparities in Anxiety Experienced by Athletes and their Coping Mechanisms
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the anxiety levels experienced by male and female athletes and their coping skills in managing anxiety. The research aimed to address gaps in understanding how psychological traits, beyond biological sex, influence athletes' anxiety and coping strategies. Additionally, the study focused on age- and sport-specific differences by concentrating on younger athletes participating in handball, volleyball, and basketball. Method: Data were collected from 60 athletes (30 males and 30 females) aged 12-16 years, representing handball, volleyball, and basketball. The Athletic Coping Skill Inventory-28 and the Sports Anxiety Scale-2 questionnaires were used to assess coping skills and anxiety levels, respectively. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and Pearson correlation, were conducted using IBM SPSS-27. Results: The results showed no statistically significant gender differences in total anxiety (p = 0.106), the three sub-domains of anxiety-somatic anxiety (p = 0.158), worry (p = 0.886), concentration disruption (p = 0.136)-or coping skills (p = 0.903). However, female athletes exhibited slightly higher anxiety levels than males. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a weak negative relationship between sports anxiety and coping skills for both genders, but these correlations were not statistically significant for males (r = -0.113, p = 0.551) or females (r = -0.227, p = 0.228). Conclusions: The study concludes that individual psychological traits and training experiences may play a more significant role in shaping anxiety and coping responses than gender alone. The authors recommend future research with larger and more diverse samples to further clarify these relationships and inform targeted psychological interventions for athletes.
Sports Anxiety, Coping Skills, Gender Differences, Competitive Athletes, Psychological Resilience
Copyright (c) 2025 Manish Acharjee, Prabal Dutta, Rahul Devchoudhury https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0